The Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coin, minted from 1907 to 1933, is a celebrated icon in American numismatic history. Designed by the renowned sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, this double eagle coin is widely regarded for its artistic beauty and historical importance. The obverse features Lady Liberty striding confidently towards the viewer, holding an olive branch and a torch, with the U.S. Capitol and a rising sun in the background. The reverse showcases a majestic bald eagle in flight, illuminated by the sun's rays. This interpretation of Liberty became so beloved that it inspired the modern American Gold Eagle coins.
President Theodore Roosevelt initiated a bold redesign of American coinage, seeking to enhance its artistic appeal. He personally chose Augustus Saint-Gaudens for this task, despite Saint-Gaudens' previous conflicts with Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber. Saint-Gaudens was commissioned to redesign all U.S. coins but only completed the Eagle and Double Eagle before his death in 1907. His designs were later modified for practicality and public acceptance.
The Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coin sparked considerable controversy when it was first issued due to the absence of the motto "In God We Trust." The public's strong reaction prompted Congress to require the motto's inclusion, leading to several design variations in 1907. Initially, the coins also displayed the date in Roman numerals, which were subsequently switched to Arabic numerals.
The Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coin design went through several notable phases:
Coin images sourced from: National Numismatic Collection, National Museum of American History
In 2009, the U.S. Mint commemorated the centennial of the double eagle by striking a new Ultra High Relief coin in 99.99% gold, showcasing the timeless appeal of Saint-Gaudens' design paired with a century of advancements in minting techniques.
Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coins were minted at the Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Denver branches of the U.S. Mint. Philadelphia coins typically lack a mint mark, while San Francisco and Denver coins bear "S" and "D" mint marks respectively. The mint mark is located on the obverse above the year of issue. These mint marks, along with the coin's condition and issue date, play a crucial role in determining its value.
The value of Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Double Eagle coins varies based on several factors, including mint mark, design type, year, and condition. Despite being minted in large quantities, many of these coins were confiscated and melted in 1933 under President FDR’s executive order, enhancing their rarity and value.
Collectors looking to accurately determine the value of their Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coins are strongly encouraged to seek professional grading from the Numismatic Guaranty Company (NGC) or the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS). These organizations offer expert assessments of a coin’s condition, ensuring both its authenticity and quality. Before submitting coins for grading, collectors should examine them for any signs of wear, particularly on Lady Liberty’s features and the eagle’s details. Coins that are in excellent condition and receive higher grades typically fetch substantial premiums in the market.
The enduring legacy of the Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coin is profoundly reflected in the modern American Gold Eagle series. Since its introduction in 1986, the American Gold Eagle has featured a modified version of Saint-Gaudens' iconic design on its obverse. This decision represents a tribute to the original coin's artistic excellence and its place in the annals of American numismatics. The modern adaptation continues to symbolize liberty and freedom, connecting contemporary collectors and investors with the rich heritage of American coinage. The use of this classic design underscores the timeless appeal and historical importance of Saint-Gaudens' masterpiece, ensuring its influence endures in the realm of gold bullion coins.
The Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coin represents a pinnacle of American coin artistry and historical richness. Its beautiful design and storied past make it a cherished addition to any numismatic collection. Whether you're a seasoned collector or just starting your journey, the Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coin provides an exceptional glimpse into America's numismatic heritage. At Bullion Hunters, we are dedicated to offering expert advice and a wide range of collectible coins, including the illustrious Saint-Gaudens $20 Gold Coin. Visit our website or contact us to discover how these extraordinary coins can elevate your collection and connect you with the legacy of American coinage.