The Bust Half Dollar, the first generation of the half-dollar coin of the United States, was minted from 1794 to 1839. These silver coins were highly sought after during their circulation period and continue to be a favorite among collectors today. Their increased scarcity makes them a valuable addition to any precious metals portfolio.
The Flowing Hair Half Dollar, produced from 1794 to 1795, was designed by Robert Scot, the US Mint's chief engraver. Congress commissioned this coin to symbolize liberty during a transformative period in American history. The obverse features Lady Liberty with her hair flowing behind her, surrounded by stars, the inscription "LIBERTY," and the year of mintage. The reverse portrays an eagle with outstretched wings and the inscription "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." Due to the simple striking techniques of the time, these coins often age unevenly, making grading a challenge for modern numismatists.
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The Draped Bust Half Dollar, also designed by Scot, made its first appearance in 1796. Initially, it featured a small eagle on the reverse, surrounded by laurel branches and the inscription "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA." This version is extremely rare, having been minted for only two years. From 1801 to 1807, the design switched to a heraldic eagle. Like the Flowing Hair Half Dollar, the Draped Bust was struck using primitive technology, which often left these coins in less-than-ideal condition. The obverse depicts a draped Lady Liberty surrounded by stars, with "LIBERTY" and the year of issue inscribed.
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The Capped Bust Half Dollar was first struck in 1807 and is a popular choice among collectors. This design, created by John Reich, was minted until 1836 using a screw press, resulting in a lettered edge. From 1836 to 1839, the coins were produced using a steam press, a technological advancement that increased mass production but reduced the detail in the coin's design. The obverse features a capped Lady Liberty facing left, surrounded by stars and the year of mintage, with "LIBERTY" inscribed on the cap. The reverse displays a heraldic eagle with the inscriptions "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" and the denomination. The denomination of 50 cents is presented differently depending on the variant, and the motto "E PLURIBUS UNUM" appears only on the Lettered Edge variety.
Coin images sourced from: National Numismatic Collection, National Museum of American History
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Bust Half Dollars are highly prized for their historical significance and aesthetic appeal, showcasing early American coinage through key designs such as the Flowing Hair, Draped Bust (with both small and heraldic eagles), and the Capped Bust (featuring lettered and reeded edges). These coins offer a unique glimpse into the early years of the U.S. Mint and American history, providing rich collecting opportunities with their variety of designs and variants. Due to their rarity, especially in higher grades, Bust Half Dollars are coveted by collectors and investors, making them valuable assets in any serious collection.
When collecting Bust Half Dollars, it is crucial to seek professional grading from services like the Numismatic Guaranty Company (NGC) and the Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS) to ensure authenticity and accurately determine the coin's value. This guarantees that collectors and investors acquire coins that meet high standards of quality and preservation.
Bust Half Dollars remain a cornerstone of American numismatics, celebrated for their beauty, history, and the craftsmanship that went into their creation. At Bullion Hunters, we provide expert advice and a curated selection of historic coins to augment your collection. Visit our website or contact us to explore our inventory and add these timeless pieces to your portfolio.